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	<title>Comments for Reference Scan</title>
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	<description>Magnetic Resonance Imaging news, information, and journal club, with minimal spin.</description>
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		<title>Comment on A Primer on Dixon Imaging by Kieran Maher</title>
		<link>http://www.refscan.info/2007/02/11/a-primer-on-dixon-imaging/comment-page-1/#comment-491</link>
		<dc:creator>Kieran Maher</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:39:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.refscan.info/2007/02/11/a-primer-on-dixon-imaging/#comment-491</guid>
		<description>Thanks for these, Dustin. Here&#039;s some additional refs I&#039;ve been browsing:

de Kerviler et al. Fat suppression techniques in MRI: an update. Biomedicine &amp; pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine &amp; pharmacothérapie (1998) vol. 52 (2) pp. 69-75

Ma. Dixon techniques for water and fat imaging. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2008) vol. 28 (3) pp. 543-558

Ross. Magnetic resonance imaging provides new insights into the characterization of adipose and lean tissue distribution. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology (1996) vol. 74 pp. 778-785

Shen et al. Adipose tissue quantification by imaging methods: a proposed classification. Obesity (2003) vol. 11 (1) pp. 5-16

Song et al. Sarcopenia and increased adipose tissue infiltration of muscle in elderly African American women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2004) vol. 79 (5) pp. 874-880

Kim et al. Comparative MR study of hepatic fat quantification using single-voxel proton spectroscopy, two-point dixon and three-point IDEAL. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (2008) vol. 59 (3)

Heymsfield. Development of imaging methods to assess adiposity and metabolism. International Journal of Obesity (2008) pp. S76-S82

Gallagher et al. Adipose tissue distribution is different in type 2 diabetes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009) vol. 89 (3) pp. 807

Liu et al. Sonographic measurement of mesenteric fat thickness is a good correlate with cardiovascular risk factors: comparison with subcutaneous and preperitoneal fat thickness, magnetic resonance imaging and anthropometric indexes. International Journal of Obesity (2003) vol. 27 (10) pp. 1267-1273

Kellman et al. Multiecho dixon fat and water separation method for detecting fibrofatty infiltration in the myocardium. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (2009) vol. 61 (1)

Horger. Fat suppression in the abdomen. Magnetom Flash (2007) (3) pp. 114-9

Huang et al. Fat and water separation in balanced steady-state free precession using the Dixon method. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (2004) vol. 51 (2) pp. 243-247

Yoshizumi et al. Abdominal fat: Standardized technique for measurement at CT. Radiology (1999) vol. 211 (1) pp. 283-286

Tien. Fat-suppression MR imaging in neuroradiology: techniques and clinical application. American Journal of Roentgenology (1992) vol. 158 (2) pp. 369-379

Dixon. Simple proton spectroscopic imaging. Radiology (1984) vol. 153 (1) pp. 189-194

Delfaut et al. Fat suppression in MR imaging: techniques and pitfalls. Radiographics (1999) vol. 19 (2) pp. 373-382

Szumowski et al. Phase unwrapping in the three-point Dixon method for fat suppression MR imaging. Radiology (1994) vol. 192 (2) pp. 555-561</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks for these, Dustin. Here&#8217;s some additional refs I&#8217;ve been browsing:</p>
<p>de Kerviler et al. Fat suppression techniques in MRI: an update. Biomedicine &amp; pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine &amp; pharmacothérapie (1998) vol. 52 (2) pp. 69-75</p>
<p>Ma. Dixon techniques for water and fat imaging. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2008) vol. 28 (3) pp. 543-558</p>
<p>Ross. Magnetic resonance imaging provides new insights into the characterization of adipose and lean tissue distribution. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology (1996) vol. 74 pp. 778-785</p>
<p>Shen et al. Adipose tissue quantification by imaging methods: a proposed classification. Obesity (2003) vol. 11 (1) pp. 5-16</p>
<p>Song et al. Sarcopenia and increased adipose tissue infiltration of muscle in elderly African American women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2004) vol. 79 (5) pp. 874-880</p>
<p>Kim et al. Comparative MR study of hepatic fat quantification using single-voxel proton spectroscopy, two-point dixon and three-point IDEAL. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (2008) vol. 59 (3)</p>
<p>Heymsfield. Development of imaging methods to assess adiposity and metabolism. International Journal of Obesity (2008) pp. S76-S82</p>
<p>Gallagher et al. Adipose tissue distribution is different in type 2 diabetes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009) vol. 89 (3) pp. 807</p>
<p>Liu et al. Sonographic measurement of mesenteric fat thickness is a good correlate with cardiovascular risk factors: comparison with subcutaneous and preperitoneal fat thickness, magnetic resonance imaging and anthropometric indexes. International Journal of Obesity (2003) vol. 27 (10) pp. 1267-1273</p>
<p>Kellman et al. Multiecho dixon fat and water separation method for detecting fibrofatty infiltration in the myocardium. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (2009) vol. 61 (1)</p>
<p>Horger. Fat suppression in the abdomen. Magnetom Flash (2007) (3) pp. 114-9</p>
<p>Huang et al. Fat and water separation in balanced steady-state free precession using the Dixon method. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (2004) vol. 51 (2) pp. 243-247</p>
<p>Yoshizumi et al. Abdominal fat: Standardized technique for measurement at CT. Radiology (1999) vol. 211 (1) pp. 283-286</p>
<p>Tien. Fat-suppression MR imaging in neuroradiology: techniques and clinical application. American Journal of Roentgenology (1992) vol. 158 (2) pp. 369-379</p>
<p>Dixon. Simple proton spectroscopic imaging. Radiology (1984) vol. 153 (1) pp. 189-194</p>
<p>Delfaut et al. Fat suppression in MR imaging: techniques and pitfalls. Radiographics (1999) vol. 19 (2) pp. 373-382</p>
<p>Szumowski et al. Phase unwrapping in the three-point Dixon method for fat suppression MR imaging. Radiology (1994) vol. 192 (2) pp. 555-561</p>
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		<title>Comment on research money well spent by madzientist</title>
		<link>http://www.refscan.info/2007/03/11/research-money-well-spent/comment-page-1/#comment-482</link>
		<dc:creator>madzientist</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 20 Dec 2007 00:23:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.refscan.info/2007/03/11/research-money-well-spent/#comment-482</guid>
		<description>quick thoughts..

from pure self-interest, it makes sense to punish only if there is going to be a repeat game. it also makes sense to punish for altruistic reasons, or guided by &quot;emotional&quot; fairness reasons.

but personally, i would be mad not at the other player, but at the experimenters, for not giving me the chance to play the donor. why should i be the recipient ? was that choice made fairly ? and if it was (e.g.  by a coin toss), then i would treat myself as the middle man while the other player won a lottery.. he would have to pay me commission to claim his money. as long as he paid me enough to make *me* happy, irrespective of what he is getting, i would let him claim his share. of course, $1 (out of $10) doesn&#039;t cut it.. the outcome of the game would be different if played for a total of $10,000 of which he offered me $1000...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>quick thoughts..</p>
<p>from pure self-interest, it makes sense to punish only if there is going to be a repeat game. it also makes sense to punish for altruistic reasons, or guided by &#8220;emotional&#8221; fairness reasons.</p>
<p>but personally, i would be mad not at the other player, but at the experimenters, for not giving me the chance to play the donor. why should i be the recipient ? was that choice made fairly ? and if it was (e.g.  by a coin toss), then i would treat myself as the middle man while the other player won a lottery.. he would have to pay me commission to claim his money. as long as he paid me enough to make *me* happy, irrespective of what he is getting, i would let him claim his share. of course, $1 (out of $10) doesn&#8217;t cut it.. the outcome of the game would be different if played for a total of $10,000 of which he offered me $1000&#8230;</p>
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	<item>
		<title>Comment on A Primer on Dixon Imaging by Review Questions for MRI registry. &#171; Coolmristuff</title>
		<link>http://www.refscan.info/2007/02/11/a-primer-on-dixon-imaging/comment-page-1/#comment-480</link>
		<dc:creator>Review Questions for MRI registry. &#171; Coolmristuff</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Nov 2007 22:52:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.refscan.info/2007/02/11/a-primer-on-dixon-imaging/#comment-480</guid>
		<description>[...] b)Dixon technique [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] b)Dixon technique [...]</p>
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	<item>
		<title>Comment on stay tuned by Dustin</title>
		<link>http://www.refscan.info/2007/06/01/stay-tuned/comment-page-1/#comment-475</link>
		<dc:creator>Dustin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 15 Jun 2007 16:56:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.refscan.info/2007/06/01/stay-tuned/#comment-475</guid>
		<description>For that matter, I have the (only marginally) better excuse of working on a Ph.D proposal...but coming soon:

*Article reviews
*Book reviews
*Discussion of computational methods
*Some random DTI data...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>For that matter, I have the (only marginally) better excuse of working on a Ph.D proposal&#8230;but coming soon:</p>
<p>*Article reviews<br />
*Book reviews<br />
*Discussion of computational methods<br />
*Some random DTI data&#8230;</p>
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		<title>Comment on FDA Advisory on Gadolinium contrast agents by Unsafe Drugs</title>
		<link>http://www.refscan.info/2007/01/28/fda-advisory-on-gadolinium-contrast-agents/comment-page-1/#comment-474</link>
		<dc:creator>Unsafe Drugs</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 06 Jun 2007 18:13:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.refscan.info/2007/01/28/fda-advisory-on-gadolinium-contrast-agents/#comment-474</guid>
		<description>&lt;strong&gt;Mother Sues Bayer Over Death of Son...&lt;/strong&gt;

Beverly Rockwell plans to seek compensatory and punitive damages on behalf of her son, Trevor A. Drake, who died after an injection of Magnevist. Rockwell claims that Magnevist, made by Bayer, was responsible for her son&#039;s death. The lawsuit alleges.....</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Mother Sues Bayer Over Death of Son&#8230;</strong></p>
<p>Beverly Rockwell plans to seek compensatory and punitive damages on behalf of her son, Trevor A. Drake, who died after an injection of Magnevist. Rockwell claims that Magnevist, made by Bayer, was responsible for her son&#8217;s death. The lawsuit alleges&#8230;..</p>
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		<title>Comment on PET and MRI by Jbar</title>
		<link>http://www.refscan.info/2007/03/07/pet-and-mri/comment-page-1/#comment-473</link>
		<dc:creator>Jbar</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 11 Apr 2007 14:08:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.refscan.info/2007/03/07/pet-and-mri/#comment-473</guid>
		<description>The combination of PET/MR/CT is the one most being looked at now.  It is so difficult to produce that the design is becoming just one bed taking the patient through each scanner one by one.  Some development of MRI/PET systems have been going on over at Phillips, but I am not sure what approach they are taking.  

Concerning the photomultiplier tube problem, the two solutions are optical coupling and avalanche photodiodes.  In optical coupling, the electromagnetic radiation is detected within the magnet and coupled optically to the PMT&#039;s outside the magnet.  Avalanche photodiodes are silicon devices that simulate the cascade effect of PMT&#039;s but are virtually unaffected by high magnetic fields.

Also, I saw that you mentioned that ISMRM had very few talks on MRI/PET last year.  Unfortunately, it looks to be the same this year.  However, you should check out SNM this year.  Most of the interest in MRI/PET systems will be there.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The combination of PET/MR/CT is the one most being looked at now.  It is so difficult to produce that the design is becoming just one bed taking the patient through each scanner one by one.  Some development of MRI/PET systems have been going on over at Phillips, but I am not sure what approach they are taking.  </p>
<p>Concerning the photomultiplier tube problem, the two solutions are optical coupling and avalanche photodiodes.  In optical coupling, the electromagnetic radiation is detected within the magnet and coupled optically to the PMT&#8217;s outside the magnet.  Avalanche photodiodes are silicon devices that simulate the cascade effect of PMT&#8217;s but are virtually unaffected by high magnetic fields.</p>
<p>Also, I saw that you mentioned that ISMRM had very few talks on MRI/PET last year.  Unfortunately, it looks to be the same this year.  However, you should check out SNM this year.  Most of the interest in MRI/PET systems will be there.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Paul Lauterbur dies at age 77 by Kevin</title>
		<link>http://www.refscan.info/2007/03/29/paul-lauterbur-dies-at-age-77/comment-page-1/#comment-472</link>
		<dc:creator>Kevin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Mar 2007 12:31:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.refscan.info/2007/03/29/paul-lauterbur-dies-at-age-77/#comment-472</guid>
		<description>UI-UC didn&#039;t patent MRI?  

Lauterbur&#039;s university decided not to file patent applications based on his work. &quot;The company that was in charge of such applications decided that it would not repay the expense of getting a patent,&quot; Lauterbur said in 2003. &quot;That turned out not to be a spectacularly good decision.&quot;

Talk about losing a good source of revenue...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>UI-UC didn&#8217;t patent MRI?  </p>
<p>Lauterbur&#8217;s university decided not to file patent applications based on his work. &#8220;The company that was in charge of such applications decided that it would not repay the expense of getting a patent,&#8221; Lauterbur said in 2003. &#8220;That turned out not to be a spectacularly good decision.&#8221;</p>
<p>Talk about losing a good source of revenue&#8230;</p>
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		<title>Comment on NIH funding running dry by czarovich</title>
		<link>http://www.refscan.info/2007/03/13/nih-funding-running-dry/comment-page-1/#comment-379</link>
		<dc:creator>czarovich</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Mar 2007 05:44:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.refscan.info/2007/03/13/nih-funding-running-dry/#comment-379</guid>
		<description>That sounds like a good approach. I still stand by one R01 per PI.  If a PI really needs a second grant he/she can go to other sources (ACS, Komen, etc).  If a PI is not actively involved in the work then they shouldn&#039;t be running the grant.  The 2-R01 thing really started when more and more university&#039;s made that a requirement for tenure (really a grab for a bigger slice of the pie).  There is a lot more that can be done.
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.scienceblog.com/cms/nih-grant-funding-reform-past-time-11112.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here is something I posted last summer on another site&lt;/a&gt;  Keep in mind that China recently passed the 1 trillion dollar mark regarding foreign cash reserves.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>That sounds like a good approach. I still stand by one R01 per PI.  If a PI really needs a second grant he/she can go to other sources (ACS, Komen, etc).  If a PI is not actively involved in the work then they shouldn&#8217;t be running the grant.  The 2-R01 thing really started when more and more university&#8217;s made that a requirement for tenure (really a grab for a bigger slice of the pie).  There is a lot more that can be done.<br />
<a href="http://www.scienceblog.com/cms/nih-grant-funding-reform-past-time-11112.html" rel="nofollow">Here is something I posted last summer on another site</a>  Keep in mind that China recently passed the 1 trillion dollar mark regarding foreign cash reserves.</p>
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		<title>Comment on NIH funding running dry by czarovich</title>
		<link>http://www.refscan.info/2007/03/13/nih-funding-running-dry/comment-page-1/#comment-378</link>
		<dc:creator>czarovich</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Mar 2007 05:37:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.refscan.info/2007/03/13/nih-funding-running-dry/#comment-378</guid>
		<description>That sounds like a good approach.  I still stand by 1 R0</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>That sounds like a good approach.  I still stand by 1 R0</p>
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		<title>Comment on NIH funding running dry by czarovich</title>
		<link>http://www.refscan.info/2007/03/13/nih-funding-running-dry/comment-page-1/#comment-337</link>
		<dc:creator>czarovich</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Mar 2007 00:28:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.refscan.info/2007/03/13/nih-funding-running-dry/#comment-337</guid>
		<description>Aziz,
Yes there used to be an R29 program.
CZ</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Aziz,<br />
Yes there used to be an R29 program.<br />
CZ</p>
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